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The Central and Western District located on northern part of Hong Kong Island is one of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. It had a population of 251,519 in 2011. The district has the most educated residents with the second highest income and the third lowest population due to its relatively small size.

Central is the central business district and the core urban area of Hong Kong. Western District covers Shek Tong Tsui, Kennedy Town and Sai Ying Pun, and was part of the City of Victoria, the earliest urban settlement in colonial Hong Kong.

History
Central District, as Victoria City, was the first area of planned urban development in Hong Kong during the colonial era. The British held a land sale in June 1841, six months after the flag was raised at Possession Point. A total of 51 lots of land were sold to 23 merchant houses to build offices and warehouses. The property buyers included Dent’s, Jardine’s, Russell’s and Olyphant’s. At the time, the two roads Albany Nullah (now Garden Road) and Glenealy Nullah (now Glenealy) were mainly used by the British. The streets later became known as Government Hill.

In 1857, the British government expanded Victoria City and divided it into seven districts. Those located in present-day Central and Western are: Sai Ying Pun, Sheung Wan, Tai Ping Shan, Central. The area was essentially a European area until 1860 when Chinese merchants begin buying up European properties around Cochrane, Wellington and Pottinger Streets. The Central district was the principal European business district, hence the arrival of the first major bank HSBC. The Western district was the commercial centre for Chinese businesses. When property values in the district rose, a meeting was held in February 1866 to establish a “District Watch Force” to police and protect this specific area.

In 1880, Shek Tong Tsui was established, followed by Kennedy Town in the 20th century. By the 1890s the majority of Hong Kong’s population was concentrated in the district with about 200,000 residents, mostly in Victoria City.

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中西區是香港十八區之一，位於香港島西北部，為香港開埠之後最早發展的地區。其中中環和上環是香港最重要的商業中心區，而西環則是早期發展的華人住宅區。中西區亦居住了不少福建人（閩南人）以及潮州人，在2011年人口普查中，中西區亦有2600多以及2800多人以福建話（閩南話）和潮州話為母語，大多為老一輩的人口。福建人在開埠以來大量遷入中上環以及中上環半山一帶，文咸東、西街、永樂東、西街的轉口貿易，藥材，船務絕大多數都是福建人經營，而潮州人則較後遷入西環以及西環半山一帶。中環亦是早期的香港政治經濟中心，也有全國各地的族群聚居。此外，山頂是香港其中一個富豪聚居地。

地理
中西區可以細分為中區、西區和半山區三個部份，中區包括金鐘、中環和上環等地，西區包括西環（即西營盤、石塘咀和堅尼地城）和摩星嶺，而半山區則包括太平山和薄扶林北部一帶（主要是香港大學一帶）。
中西區東接灣仔區、南接南區。北部水域與葵青區和油尖旺區連接。西部水域則與離島區連接。

歷史
第一次鴉片戰爭，滿清政府戰敗給英國。英軍在1841年1月26日在香港島，今日上環的水坑口登陸。之後根據1842年簽署的《南京條約》，清帝國割讓香港島，大英帝國於今日的中環及上環一帶建立維多利亞城，而四環九約中的其中三環及六約，均在今中西區範圍之內。

1969年，因應民政主任計劃，香港被分為多區。當時上環、中環及半山區屬於「中區」，西環連同現今南區之西部屬於「西區」。1981年，行政區劃重整，摩星嶺以南的西區及原屬東區的赤柱和石澳另組成南區，「中區」和剩餘的「西區」則合併為「中西區」。

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